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ensures the long-term consolidation of labor resources in regions with labor
shortages, helping to balance regional disparities and stimulate economic growth.
2. To improve the economic efficiency of the “South–North” resettlement
program, a “targeted digital voucher” tool is proposed instead of traditional
monetary subsidies for monthly housing rent and utility payments (digital tenge with
the application of geo-fence technology). The use of this mechanism will enhance
the economic efficiency of the program by ensuring transparency in the targeted use
of budget funds, reducing corruption risks, and enabling prompt control over the
implementation of migration policy objectives. Unlike existing forms of
subsidization, the digital voucher transforms the assistance mechanism into a tool
for effective monitoring and improving resettlers’ retention, making it an important
element in the improvement of economic instruments for regulating internal
migration in Kazakhstan.
3. A mechanism of employer subsidization with deferred payment and
contractual obligations within the framework of the resettlement program has been
justified and proposed. It provides for a fixed compensation limit for housing and
payment only upon confirmation that the resettler has lived in the region for at least
24 months, subject to official employment and payment of social and pension
contributions. The introduction of a contract secures the obligations of both resettlers
and employers, ensuring the targeted use of budget funds, reducing the risks of
fictitious resettlement, and fostering sustainable employment, thereby contributing
to the long-term consolidation of labor resources in regions with labor shortages.

4. For effective managerial decision-making, as well as for financial incentives
of local executive bodies to retain resettlers in labor-deficient regions, a new
mechanism — “Auto-KPI, R-12 retention” — is proposed. This approach ensures
transparency of accounting and links financing with actual results.
5. It has been established that economic instruments for regulating internal
migration in the Republic of Kazakhstan achieve maximum effectiveness when
applied comprehensively in combination with institutional, social, and
infrastructural mechanisms. This ensures not a local but a systemic effect —
improving resettlers’ retention, balancing regional labor markets, and ensuring
sustainable socio-economic development of the territories.
These provisions represent a systematic solution to the identified problems of
regulating internal migration in Kazakhstan and ensure the transition to a
scientifically based model of migration management with measurable socio-
economic results.
Compliance with scientific development directions or government
programs. The results of the study correspond to the priority areas of economic
science development, focused on the study of socio-economic factors of migration,
spatial development, and the effective use of labor potential. The work fits into the
concept of sustainable development of the regions and meets the objectives of
interdisciplinary research in the field of labor economics, regional economics, and
social policy. The practical focus of the research is consistent with the goals and
objectives of the state programs of the Republic of Kazakhstan, including the

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