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Willy, and other researchers, as well as experts from the UN and UN subordinate
organizations, stood at the origins of the development of the ecosystem approach in
management.
The nature, peculiarities and classifications of ecosystem services are most
deeply studied by R. Groot, R. Costanza, G. Daly, M. Hanson, P. Harrison, S.N.
Bobylev, V.I. Danilov-Danilyan and other authors. However, until now, the
terminological apparatus and unified classification of ecosystem services have not
been formed in the scientific literature.
A separate body of research is devoted to methods and models for the
evaluation of ecosystem services and the evaluation of ecological efficiency. To the
greatest extent, such authors as R. De Fries, H. Saarikoski, P. Harrison and others
have advanced in this direction. However, a number of scientific problems in this
area remain debatable and unresolved.
Currently, science and practice are in increasing demand for scientific and
empirical studies that address the specifics and issues of the ecosystem approach in
making management decisions, including public institutions, and the private sector
of the economy to reduce environmental risks and threats, ensuring the transition to
international standards of environmental management. This scientific field is still
little researched and the practice needs generalization and in-depth analysis.
The purpose of the dissertation is to develop recommendations for the
implementation of the ecosystem approach in the practice of managerial decision-
making in the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Objects of research: methods and processes of making management
decisions based on the ecosystem approach.
The subject of research - socio-economic and public relations affecting the
state of the environment in making managerial decisions by public authorities.
A preliminary analysis of the state of environmental legislation, ecosystems,
and the public sphere of managerial decision-making in the field of environmental
protection in the Republic of Kazakhstan, allowed to formulate two working
hypotheses for the research.
The first hypothesis is that management decisions in Kazakhstan today are
not based on the ecosystem approach because of a misunderstanding by decision-
makers of its essence and role for the economy and society, the lack of a unified
approach to ecosystem planning and regulation, the inconsistency of sectoral

legislative acts, policies, programs, management plans at the local, regional, national
and international levels. In particular, the valuation of ecosystem services in urban
planning is not taken into account.
Second hypothesis: Currently, there are obstacles to the implementation of
the ecosystem approach in public management; management decisions in
Kazakhstan are not taken because of the lack of a general concept of ecosystem
services and the need to consider them in management decisions, lack of systematic
guidance on what to measure, and lack of standards for ecosystem services.
Third hypothesis: The introduction of ecosystem services assessment into
the system of public administration will improve the efficiency of decisions made
by expanding the alternatives for choosing decisions, giving legitimacy to decisions,