Page 31 - Диссертация

Traditionally, scientists are engaged in the study of innovations, but in the
development of computerization, practices were the first founders of new discoveries.
Since the 90s, large consulting companies have been working on the issues of
influence and prospects for the development of computerization in all areas of human
life. In 2000, Gartner Group has presented the first presentation of the e-Government
development model [39].

Attempts to create e-Government were discussing at world conferences by
Russian scientists Dyatlov S.A. and Khramtsovskaya N.A., practitioners, and
representatives of the public sector [40, 41]. The Russian scientist Smorgunov L.V.
attempted to single out the "narrow" and "wide" understanding of the Electronic
Government. In a "narrow" sense, e-Government reflects the improvement of public
administration using new IT, which ultimately allows increasing the efficiency in the
provision of services to the public. In a "wide" sense, it expresses not only the new
character of inter-organizational relations but also the transformation of the whole
complex of relations between public administration and society [42].

According to the American scientist Darell West, e-Government is an
opportunity to provide information in the public domain on government sites [43].
The creation of e-Government and the provision of public services in electronic
format in the US began later, in 2002 when a document called the "e-Government
Act" was developed.

It was from this moment that a new stage in the development of the scientific
direction for the study of Electronic Government began. Over the past 20 years,
scientists have been studying the implementation of information and communication
technologies in public administration, trying to create unified approaches to the
development of e-Government to conduct a comparative analysis of the
implementation of e-Government around the world [44].

In parallel, this issue was studied by practitioners and IT specialists who have
directly involved in the implementation of the digitalization of the public sector.
Besides, these studies were carried out by analytical companies providing consulting
services, country development reports, such as World Bank, OECD, World Economic
Forum, BCG, Gartner Group, UNESCO, European Union, and others.

Over the past decades, there are a huge number of publications, reports,
recommendations, books, and studies have been conducting on the evolution of e-
government. In the scientific community, the term e-Government has appeared as a
response to the awareness of the importance of exploring the possibilities of using
information and communication technologies to solve public administration
problems.

Since the term appeared in the scientific literature, scientists come to its
definition in different ways and use different principles. For some authors, we find
descriptive definitions that reveal the transformations in society and its structures
when introducing e-Government.

Others consider the applied nature of e-Government and the possibilities of
using its tools. There are definitions, which are technical in nature and focus only on
the applied technological solutions and specific software products. In addition to the
above, there are economic definitions that focus on the concept of quality

31